Splitting of Time

Seven Intercalary Months

Lunar/solar calendar intercalary months varied in name and precise length. However, seven extra lunar months were the chosen standard practice that matched with the seven-day week. The moon's light was divided in darkness according to seven-day periods for the four phases of the moon, and seven intercalary months divided lunar years from solar years in the 19-year cycle of the Jewish calendar. These early people had to know planting and harvesting times for the crops they raised in order to survive. Agriculture was the major source of food production for early culture. The Jewish calendar's Feast of First Fruits is one of the most celebrated worship festivals of the Bible. Linked to the Christian New Testament Pentecost, this celebration is a focal point for all Judeo-Christianity.

Feasts and festivals associated with farming in other cultures used a sacred-year. Agrarian societies often depended upon a sacred-year having 260-days. Intercalary days, a 360-day-civil-year, and the 260-day-sacred-year were integral to the calendars of early prehistory. These differing types of years were the common denominators for most lunar/solar calendars. Ancient calendar discovery begins with fundamental tools.

The Sinai Peninsula holds the key to understanding past calendar systems. The Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, early Egyptians and Israelites all used lunar/solar calendars. Common patterns are evident in early calendar versions. The foremost notion is evidence of a 360-day civil type of year. A 360-day length of year was the earliest form of the calendar, and the stem of Middle Eastern calendars. Five additional days were included to complete the solar year. The last five days were generally associated with religious festivities. Methods used to include the last five days of the full year were similar. Both Egyptian and Sun Kingdoms' sister calendars intercalated five days each year. The sacred period of five-feast-days was intercalated at the end of the year. A 360-day length of year was the basis for our modern 360-degree circle. Higher mathematics has paved the way to modern technology.

The 360-day length of year was commonly used in very early prehistory. For example, a year of 360-days was once used by Hindu chronology in historical computations. Generally, five-special-days were added to complete the solar year. Using thirty-days for a month was common with the sun moving for six months, or 180 days to the north, and for same number of days to the south. Ancient Persia used 360-days for a year, plus five supplementary days. The old Babylonian year, and the early Egyptian year, was composed of 360 days each. The Assyrian year also consisted of 360 days. Even the story of the flood reckons in thirty-day months (Genesis 7:11 - 8:4).

360 Day Midpoint Between Lunar/Solar Years

The concept of a time split tool is actually very old. Lunar/solar calendars split time at the 360-day mark for every single, or one year. The ancient idea of God dividing daylight and darkness was expanded to God dividing "lunar-time" and "solar-time." The lunar-side time split happened after twelve full lunar months. In whole numbers, another five or sometimes six-days were required to reach the 360-day midpoint length of year.

The time split tool can be used to find the midpoint of any time parameter. Ancient calendar terminology often doubled and divided known numerical periods. In effect, we are “reverse engineering” some aspects of the ancient calendars. Mayan cosmology divided the universe and time(s) into four equal quadrants. Both lunar and solar aspects of the heavens were observed. The total lunar/solar difference between the two types of years amounts to ten or eleven days every year. The Jewish Calendar adapts 11-days of intercalation per year. The Mayan and related Sun Kingdoms' calendars average about 10.5-days of lunar/solar separation time every year.

Intercalary gaps are sub-divided into lunar/solar separation time, or time splits. Time splits serve to define a lunar-side of time and a solar-side of time. The first time split case for a 360-day single year is shown in figure 4. Longer lunar/solar calendars advance the time split tool concept with multiples of years.

Accrued intercalary days are respective multiples of the original single year time split. Only the number values change with later intercalations. The same time split design illustrates that more l/s cycles have occurred. A 20-year l/s cycle in figure 5 uses the same approach. The natural convenience of splitting time at the 360-day mark in any year is seen for greater cycles.

Equations

4. Lunar-Side Time Split

360 Day Midpoint Every (1) L/S Year

- 5.25 Days for Lunar Year

= 354.75 Day-Lunar-Year

5. Lunar/Solar Separation Between L/S Years

365.25 Day-Solar-Year

- 354.75 Day-Lunar-Year

= 10.5 Days of Lunar/Solar Time Split for Every Single (1) Year

6. Solar-Side Time Split

360 Day Midpoint Every (1) L/S Year

+ 5.25 Days for Solar Year

= 365.25 Day-Solar-Year

Any l/s calendar year of 360-days balances the difference between lunar years and solar years. The left-hand moon picture in figure 4 represents the lunar-side time split from equation 5 above. A lunar year is approximated with 12-moon-months. The right-hand sun picture represents the solar-side time split beyond the 360-day central midpoint between lunar and solar years. The lunar-side time split subtracts 5.25-days of lunar-side separation time to arrive at 354.75-days in the generalized pattern of lunar/solar calendar development (Eqn 5.

The average 10.5-days of lunar/solar separation time are calculated in equation 6. A 10.5-day lunar/solar time split is the wider ranging application in ancient calendars. Greater multiples of the 360-day midpoint year utilize the time-split tool by yielding 10.5-days for every single, or one year. Extending the single l/s calendar year to the 20-year multiple of the l/s calendar continues exactly this fundamental, approximate intercalation. About 10.5 days of l/s time split are added to the lunar year having 12-moon-months to arrive at the estimated solar-year for l/s calendars.

Flux lines are shown in figure 4 to indicate the spiritual interaction found between lunar and solar time reckoning. The simplistic diagram is only meant to identify that the time based relationship occurs. Calendar drawings are schematic symbols that allude to the eschatology, or history of involved culture. At dawn and dusk times, equinoxes and solstices, and significant points during the year there are immeasurable changes in the flux density. A type of venturi effect becomes manifest. The spiritual dimension responds to these changes, whether they occur on Sunday mornings or on Friday nights. Clocks and calendars hanging on the wall mark the consistent passing of time. The difference found between lunar and solar reckoning is more pronounced with extreme time spans. Secrets of the calendar include time projections by notable Sun Kingdoms’ priest-astronomers, or the holy “wise” men of the Middle East.

The sun-side picture in figure 4 references a solar-side time split that adds 5.25-days after 360-days. The ancient Egyptian Calendar and the Sun Kingdoms’ calendars specifically associate with a solar-side time split resulting in 365.25 days. The sun-side of lunar/solar calendars includes our modern leap day fraction for the purpose of this discussion. Equation 7 concludes the figure 4 diagram for every single (1) year of the l/s calendar.

10.5-Days Time Split Every Year Figure 4

Ten-and-one-half days compare with eleven days to separate lunar and solar lengths of a year. Adjusting the lunar year to 354-days for computations, and dividing by 12-lunar-months makes each lunar month about 29.5-days long. A 29.5-day length of month is very close to the actual month, and was often approximated to 30-days per lunar month. The 29.5-day length of month may have been interchangeable with lunar months of 30-days. The moon picture on the left side of figure 4 symbolizes the lunar-side of the calendar.

Twelve lunar months of 30-days each amount to 360-days and establish the basic 360-day midpoint supposition behind early calendars. The given 360-days per single, or one year, were the midpoint between lunar years and solar years. Both lunar and solar years were evenly balanced at the 360-day midpoint. The dividing line shown beneath the moon and sun in figure 4 represents the 360-day fulcrum midpoint between lunar and solar sides of the calendar.

The right-hand sun circle in figure 4 shows the parallel solar-side time split. Masculine notation is used for the 5.25-day addition to a 360-day midpoint type of year. The solar year of 365.25 days is approximated here. Solar-side time split amounts 5.25-days of difference between a 360-day midpoint length of year and a modern year having 365.25-days. Our modern leap day fraction of one-quarter day per year was accounted for in past calendar systems. The ancient propensity to assign masculine, sun-side and feminine, moon-side characteristics to lunar/solar intercalations exaggerates for the greater 20-year time cycle depicted in figure 5.

Cultures worldwide largely identified with the dual concept of a feminine, lunar-side and a masculine, solar-side to time. The masculine solar-side of reckoning was usually identified with an allotted time period. A male deity was assigned with a female counterpart. For example, the Egyptian Osiris was paired with Isis in Egyptian mythology. Baal was paired with Astarte in Babylonian lore. Cultivation properly depended on growing and harvest times of the calendar. The annual Nile flooding season was associated with Sothis. Astarte or Asheroth, in the Old Testament was thought to provide blessings to groves and vineyards. Using the 360-day midpoint length of year serves to reference a set number of days to be either feminine, or masculine in nature. Effectively, time was split at the 360-day midpoint length to attribute about 5.25-days to the lunar-side, and 5.25-days to the solar-side for a single, one year. This hypothesis of God (or gods) coming between is reiterated and carried forth in the calendar math.

Understanding the 10.5-days of lunar/solar time split is instrumental to lengthy calendar recording. Approximating 209-days of lunar/solar separation time split to be 210-days of time split expands the 19-year lunar/solar cycle to a 20-year lunar/solar cycle. Attributing half of lunar/solar separation to either feminine or masculine time is analogous to languages that have masculine and feminine genders of words. A word is used in a sentence according to principles of grammar and meaning. Developing the dual feminine/masculine gender emphasizes ancient notions of time. Calendar science is a matter of style and application that describe units of time.

Lunar/solar separation time split measuring 10.5-days per year builds in multiples that respect cycles of years. One multiple of a 20-year lunar/solar calendar cycle produces 210-days of l/s separation time. Equation 8 multiplies 10.5-days of lunar/solar separation time by a 20-year cycle to arrive at 210-days of lunar/solar separation time.

Alignment with calendar tools includes a feminine/masculine duality and reinforcement of the sacred number seven. Seven-days of the week reference the monthly fertility issue. Numerically matching 7-intercalary-months reinforces 7-day-weeks in the 20-year l/s cycle. The equivalent 210-days of l/s separation time result from seven 30-day-months (Eqn. 9). Equation 10 employs the divide by two, time split tool to show equal halves of 105-days each for the lunar-side and solar-side of a 20-year lunar/solar cycle.

Equations

5. 10.5 Days of Lunar/Solar Separation Time

x 20 Year Lunar/Solar Cycle

= 210 Days of Lunar/Solar Separation Time

9. 7 Intercalary-Months

x 30 Days

= 210 Days of Lunar/Solar Separation Time

10. 210 Days of Lunar/Solar Separation Time

per 20-Year Lunar/Solar Cycle

¸ 2 Time Split

= 105 Days for Lunar-Side

= 105 Days for Solar-Side

210-Day L/S Time Split for a 20-Year Cycle

Central and South American people such as the Maya, Inca and Aztecs commonly approximated these same 209-days of lunar/solar separation time to be 210-days, or seven even months of 30-days each following 19-years of recognition. The twentieth year offered the next building block to time progression. The twentieth year of the lunar/solar calendar marks the time split that cuts 210-days in half. The lunar-side time split is 105-days. Lunar-side separation time was feminine and assigned to the lunar-side of the calendar (Eqn. 10). The solar-side time split assigns 105-days to the male solar-side of the calendar (Eqn. 11). Ancient theology supporting the 20-year lunar/solar cycle supplies two equal halves of 105-days. Masculine and feminine genders describe the time splits according to layers. The female/male time analogy naturally results in the next offspring layer. The calendar measures by documenting generations. The fundamental 20-year lunar/solar system results in 210-days of lunar/solar separation time. The outcome is time split to become 105-days each for the lunar-side and solar-side.

Babylonian influence during the time of Ezra gave names to the months. Hebrews originally numbered the months. Masculine and feminine genders were imparted, or at least strengthened from nearby cultures. The 19-year l/s cycle mixed with Jewish holiday periods and the 50-year Jubilee sequence. The total number of intercalary days varied to be either 209 days or 210 days. Some cultures even changed the calendar days at dawn. Two and one-half 20-year l/s cycles are equal to one 50-year Jubilee cycle. The same number of intercalary days would apply for 525-days l/s separation time.

Middle Eastern calendars likely interacted 7-months as 209-days of l/s separation time. Jewish, Babylonian and nearby sub-cultures were more nomadic. Precise solar calculations logically took place in the lasting cities of Egypt. Lunar observation identifies with mobile cultures. Observing Sabbath in seven days intervals reflects a lunar cosmology. Sabbath multiples of seven times seven days reckoned the Feast of Weeks. Extending Sabbath Days to Sabbath Years for the 50-Year Jubilee pattern emphasizes this philosophy. The ancient Egyptian Calendar is more closely linked to a fixed culture. Sun Kingdoms’ cultures also had stationary ceremonial centers. Sighting equinoxes and solstices feature a solar-side cosmology. The Egyptian Calendar is prone to have intercalated 210-days for a 20-year l/s cycle.

Equations

11. 210 Days of Lunar/Solar Separation Time

per 20-Year Lunar/Solar Cycle

¸ 2 Time Split

= 105 Days and Half of Lunar/Solar Separation

is attributed to Eve, Feminine Gender,

Lunar-Side Time Split per

20-Year Lunar/Solar Cycle

12. 210 Days of Lunar/Solar Separation Time

per 20-Year Lunar/Solar Cycle

¸ 2 Time Split

= 105 Days and Half of Lunar/Solar Separation

is attributed to Day, Masculine Gender

Solar-Side, Time Split per

20-Year Lunar/Solar Cycle

360-Day Midpoint of 20-Year L/S Cycle

Every twentieth year of 365-days had two basic components: 105-days of sun-side time, and another portion of 260-days. Sun Kingdoms' Calendars commonly used numerical matching to describe these two distinct, recurrent yearly elements having 105-days and 260-days. Archaeologists call the agricultural 260-day period a ritual year. This work will use the 260-day-sacred-year as basis for calculations. The 260-day-sacred-year began and ended on the same days within a 365-day normal year.

There are nuances of difference between the Sun Calendars and those of the Middle East. South and Central American people primarily focused their calendars upon the sun, stars and planetary Venus. Latitude of the Yucatan Peninsula played a role in substantiating the four cardinal points of the year: equinoxes and solstices. Aztec calendar shamans started their 52-year Calendar Round upon observing the Pleiades star cluster at zenith point. The Mayan Dresden Codex references 20-year l/s cycles according to the planet Venus. Venus is the mythological male god, Quetzalcoatl.

Shades of Egyptian mythology are contained in the lore of Quetzacoatl. The resurrection story claims Quetzalcoatl was a ruling deity who traveled to the east to found a new empire. When he died, Venus appeared as a star to become the lord of dawn. A full cycle of visibility is complete in 584 days. The Dresden Venus Table records five full cycles in Maya calendar language to arrive at 2,920 days. The Dresden Codex is an elaborate document that mixes Mayan astronomy with the astrology.

210-Day Time Split for a 20-Year Cycle Figure 5

Are you a pastor, educator or a student of the Holy Bible? Timeemits.com seeks anointed people to review and contribute to the Ages of Adam ministry. Ancient lunar/solar calendars like the Jewish and Mayan calendars provide the background to understanding early time. Ancient calendars of the Holy Bible use differences between the moon and sun, numerical matching and a 364-day calendar year to describe X-number of days that match with X-number of years. Ages of Adam is a free read at http://www.timeemits.com.

Clark Nelson is webmaster for www.timeemits.com and author of Ages of Adam and sequel, Holy of Holies.

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